Christine Marie of France
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Christine Marie de France (Italian: Maria Cristina di Francia, Madama Reale), (10 February 1606 - 27 December 1663) was Regent of Savoy between 1637 and 1663.
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[edit] Life
Born in at the Palais du Louvre in Paris, she was the third child and second daughter of King Henry IV of France and his second wife, the Italian Marie de' Medici. As a daughter of the king, she was a Fille de France.
She was a younger sister of Louis XIII of France and Elisabeth of Bourbon. She was also an older sister of Nicholas Henri de France, duc d'Orléans, Gaston, duc d'Orleans and Henrietta Maria of France. Christine was a sister-in-law of Philip IV of Spain through Elisabeth and of Charles I of England through Henrietta Maria.
After the marriage of her older sister Elisabeth in 1615 to the Prince of Asturias, Christine took on the honorary title of Madame Royale indicating her status as the eldest and most senior unmarried daughter at the court of her father. After her marriage, the style went to her younger sister, the beautiful Henriette Marie de France.
 The House of Bourbon after the birth of Nicholas de France in 1607. Christine is on the far right. |
 Christine as Duchess of Savoy |
 Christine as Regent of Savoy |
[edit] Marriage
She married Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy, on 10 February 1619 in Paris. He was a son of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy and Caterina Micaela of Spain. Caterina Micaela was in turn a daughter of Philip II of Spain and Elisabeth of Valois. Elizabeth was a daughter of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici.
[edit] Children
- Louis Amadeus (1622 - 1628)
- Louise Christine (27 July 1629 - 14 May 1692), married her uncle Maurice of Savoy
- Francis Hyacinth (14 September 1632 - 4 October1638), Duke of Savoy
- Charles Emmanuel II (20 June 1634 - 12 June 1675), Duke of Savoy
- Margaret Yolande (15 November 1635 - 29 April 1663), married Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma
- Adelaide Henrietta (6 November 1636 - 18 March 1676), married Ferdinand Maria of Wittelsbach, Elector of Bavaria
- Catherine Beatrice (6 November 1636 - 26 August 1637)
Victor Amadeus became Duke after the death of his father in 1630.
[edit] Regent
Christine Marie of France, a strong, confident woman assumed the Regency for her two sons, Francis Hyacinth and Charles Emmanuel II.
Both Maurice of Savoy and his younger brother Thomas disputed the power of their sister-in-law, and her French entourage. When the first heir Francis Hyacinth died in 1638, both brothers started the Piedmontese Civil War, with Spanish support. The two parties were called "principisti" (supporters of the Princes) and "madamisti" (supporters of Madama Reale).
After four years of fighting, Christine Marie was victorious, thanks to French military support. Not only did she keep the Duchy for her son, she also prevented France getting too much power in the Duchy. When peace was concluded in 1642 , Maurice married his fourteen-year old niece Louise Christine, abandoning the title of cardinal and asking dispensation from Pope Paul V. Maurice became governor of Nice. Christine Marie of France stayed in firm control of the Duchy of Savoy, until her son could follow in her footsteps.
[edit] Death
She died in Turin in 1663 at the age of 57. She had outlived 4 of her seven children. 17 years after her death, in 1680, her granddaughter Victoria of Bavaria via her third daughter Henriette Adelaide of Savoy, would marry her older brother's grandson Louis de France known as 'the Fat' and Monseigneur. Christine Marie thus became a direct ancestress of the Spanish branch of the House of Bourbon via Victoria's second son Philip V of Spain.
[edit] Ancestors
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8. Charles de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme |
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4. Antoine of Navarre |
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9. Françoise d'Alençon |
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2. Henry IV of France |
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10. Henry II of Navarre |
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5. Jeanne III of Navarre |
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11. Marguerite de Navarre |
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1. Christine Marie de France |
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12. Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany |
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6. Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany |
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13. Eleonora di Toledo |
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3. Marie de' Medici |
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14. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor |
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7. Johanna of Austria |
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15. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary |
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[edit] Titles
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Christine Marie of France
Born: 10 February 1606 Died: 27 December 1663 |
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| French nobility | ||
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| Preceded by Elisabeth de France |
Madame Royale 1615-1619 |
Succeeded by Henriette Marie de France |
| Italian royalty | ||
| Preceded by Catherine Michelle of Spain |
Duchess Consort of Savoy 1630-1637 |
Succeeded by Françoise Madeleine of Orléans |
