Dodo, Prince Yu
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Dodo, Prince Yu, (Manchu: 
; Chinese: 多鐸; pinyin: Duōduó) (1614–1649) was a Manchu prince and general.
He was the fifteenth son of Nurhaci and one of Dorgon's two full brothers. He distinguished himself in the conquest of China alongside Dorgon.
Dodo is also somewhat notorious due to his sanctioning of the Massacre of Yangzhou, a terrible bloodbath in which an alleged 800,000 men, women, and children were killed by Manchu soldiers. This massacre began when Dodo authorized his men to have five days to do anything they wished to the town of Yangzhou's inhabitants.
Dodo was created Prince Yu of the First Rank (和碩豫親王) in 1644. In 1646, he led a military campaign into Mongolia and emerged victorious. He was then made Co-regent by his brother Prince Regent Dorgon, in place of their older half-brother, Prince Zheng (鄭親王).
Dodo died of smallpox in 1649, aged 36. After the death of Dorgon, the Shunzhi Emperor posthumously stripped Dodo of his titles.
Mother: Lady Abahai Full brothers: Dorgon, Ajige Step brother: Huangtaiji
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[edit] Chronology (based on the Lunar Calendar)
[edit] Ming Dynasty
- 42nd year of Wanli (1614) - born on 24th of the second month
[edit] Later Jin
[edit] Tianming (the reign of Nurhachi)
- 11th year (1626) - the death of Nurhachi. His first concubine Lady Wulanala was buried alive with him.
[edit] Tiancong (1st title of the reign of Huangtaiji)
- 2nd year (1628) - followed Huangtaiji on the conquest of Chahar in Mongolia. Granted the title of Eerkechuhuer (額爾克楚虎爾) for his achievements.
- 3rd year (1629) - followed Huangtaiji on the conquest of Ming China. Crossed the Great Wall and closed on Beijing.
- 5th year (1631) - participated in besieging the Ming army at Daling River. Lost his footing and fell from his horse in battle, almost died at Jinzhou.
- 6th year (1632) - participated in the campaign against Mongolian Ligdan Khan of Chahar.
- 9th year (1635) - appointed main commander for the first time at the battle of Daling River.
[edit] Chongde (2nd title of the reign of Huangtaiji)
- 1st year (1636) - granted the title of Prince Yu (豫親王) of Hoxud County. Followed Huangtaiji on the campaign against the Joseon Dynasty of [[Korea] and defeated Korean troops at Mount Nanhan.
- 3rd year (1638) - demoted to the rank of Duoluobeile (多羅貝勒) for breaking military law.
- 6th year (1641) - participated in the Battle of Songjin and led the Manchu army in besieging Jinzhou in the first part of the battle. Led an ambush to wipe out the remnants of the enemy at Mount Song in the final battle and joined Hooge, Prince Su's army in besieging Mount Song and captured Ming army commander Hong Chengchou. Granted the title of Prince Duoluoyu.
[edit] Qing Dynasty
[edit] Shunzhi
- 1st year (1644) - followed Prince RegentDorgon and entered Shanhai Pass. Defeated Li Zicheng’s army and conquered Beijing. Conferred the title of Prince and Kingdom-Pacifying Great Commander (定國大將軍). Led the armies together with Kong Youde, Geng Zhongming to eliminate the remnants of Li Zicheng’s army.
- 2nd year (1645) – conquered Tong Pass, Xi'an and Yangzhou. Killed Shi Kefa and started the Massacre of Yangzhou, also known in history as Ten Days of Yangzhou. Crossed the Yangtze and conquered Nanjing and captured Zhu Yousong, Prince of Fu, conquering the Jiangzhe region. Conferred the title of Prince Yu of the First Rank (和碩德豫親王).
- 3rd year (1646) – appointed Yang Wei Great Commander (揚威大將軍) and led the army to put down a rebellion in Mongolia.
- 4th year (1647) – appointed as Government-Assisting Shu De Prince Yu (輔政叔德豫親王), a rank in the Qing Empire second only to the Emperor.
- 6th year (1649) – died after contracting smallpox at the age of 36.
- 9th year (1652) – demoted to the rank of Prince of Duoluo for involvement in the case of Dorgon.
[edit] Kangxi
- 10th year (1671) – posthumously restored of his titles by the Kangxi Emperor
[edit] Qianlong
- 43rd year (1778) – posthumously restored of his titles and a shrine erected in his honour by the Qianlong Emperor.
[edit] In popular culture
- Prince Dodo was featured in Liang Yusheng’s Wuxia novel Seven Swords of Mount Heaven as one of the main antagonists. He was renamed to Prince Dokado (多格多) in Seven Swordsmen, an adaptation of the novel, although his nobility title remained unchanged as Prince Yu (豫親王).
[edit] References
- Ebrey, Patricia (1993). Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook. Simon and Schuster.
- Voices from the Ming-Qing Cataclysm: China in Tigers' Jaws, Struve, Lynn A. Publisher：Yale University Press, 1998 ISBN 0300075537, 9780300075533 312 pages
- Struve, Lynn A. "Voices from the Ming-Qing Cataclysm: China in Tiger's Jaws. London: Yale University Press, 1993.
- Liu Xiaomeng. "Twelve Princes of the Qing Dynasty" 正說清朝十二王. Zhonghua Publishers, 2006.
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