Marylebone
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Coordinates: 51°31′04″N 0°08′49″W / 51.5177°N 0.1470°W
Marylebone (sometimes written St. Marylebone or Mary-le-bone) is an affluent, inner-city area of central London, located within the City of Westminster. It can be pronounced as Marribun /ˈmærɪbn̩/[1] or Mar(i)-lee-bone {{IPA|/ˈmæɹɪlɪbn̩/}, Mar-Li-Bow}.
Marylebone is in an area of London that can be roughly defined as the area bounded by Oxford Street to the south, Marylebone Road to the north, Edgware Road to the west and Portland Place to the east. Occasionally, this area is designated as "Marylebone Village". A broader definition of Marylebone is then used, which encompasses Regent's Park and the area immediately north of Marylebone Road, containing Marylebone Station, the original site of the Marylebone Cricket Club at Dorset Square, and the neighbourhood known as Lisson Grove to the border with St John's Wood. The west side of the Fitzrovia area up to Cleveland Street was also previously considered to be part of Marylebone.[citation needed]
Today the area is mostly residential, with many medical and dental offices in its central area. Since the opening of the Jubilee Line at Baker Street station (with its direct links to Canary Wharf), Marylebone - particularly Marylebone Village - has become a very sought-after area of Central London.
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[edit] History
Marylebone gets its name from a church called "St Mary's" (now known as St Marylebone Parish Church), which was built on the bank of a small stream or "bourne", called the Tybourne or Tyburn, that ran along what is now Marylebone Lane before it was built over. The church and the surrounding area later became known as St Mary at the Bourne which, over time, became shortened to its present form, Marylebone.[2] It is a common misunderstanding that the name is a corruption of Marie la Bonne (French for "Marie/Mary the good").
The manor of Marylebone was granted by King James I to Edward Forset in 1611, and afterwards passed by marriage into the family of Austen. In 1710, John Holles, Duke of Newcastle, purchased the manor, and his daughter and heir, Lady Henrietta Cavendish Holles, by marriage to Edward Harley, passed it into the family of the Earl of Oxford, one of whose titles was Lord Harley of Wigmore. Lady Margaret Cavendish Harley married William, second Duke of Portland, and took property into the Portland family, whose surname is Bentinck. Street names, a-plenty.
A large part of the area was constructed by the Portman family and is known as the Portman Estate. Another significant portion of the area, including Marylebone High Street, is the Howard de Walden Estate (see both here and here). Both estates have aristocratic antecedents and are still run by members of the aforementioned families. The de Walden Estate owns, leases and manages the majority of the 92 acres of real estate in Marylebone which comprises the area from Marylebone High Street in the west to Robert Adam’s Portland Place in the east and from Wigmore Street in the south to Marylebone Road in the north.
The Metropolitan Borough of St Marylebone was a metropolitan borough of the County of London between 1899 and 1965, after which it was merged with the Metropolitan Borough of Paddington and the Metropolitan Borough of Westminster to form the City of Westminster.
Such place names in the neighbourhood as Cavendish Square and Portland Place reflect the Dukes of Portland landholdings and Georgian-era developments there.
[edit] Governance
Marylebone was formerly a part of the Metropolitan Borough of St Marylebone, and the St Marylebone (UK Parliament constituency) (1918–1974).
[edit] Streets of Marylebone
Queen Anne Street is an elegant cross-street which unites the northern end of Chandos Street with Welbeck Street. The painter JMW Turner moved to 47 Queen Anne Street in 1812 from 64 Harley Street, and owned the house until his death in 1851. It was known as "Turner's Den", becoming damp, dilapidated, dusty, dirty, with dozens of Turner's works of art now in the National Gallery scattered throughout the house, walls covered in tack holes and a drawing room peopled by cats with no tails.
Wimpole Street runs from Henrietta Place north to Devonshire Street, becoming Upper Wimpole enroute. A six-floor, Grade II 18th-century house at 57 Wimpole Street is where Paul McCartney resided from 1964-66, staying on the top floor of girlfriend Jane Asher’s family home in a room overlooking Browning Mews in the back, and with John Lennon writing I Want to Hold Your Hand on a piano in the basement.
Bentinck Street leaves Welbeck Street and touches the middle of winding ex-cowpath Marylebone Lane. Charles Dickens lived at number 18 with his indebted father while working as a court reporter in the 1830s, and Edward Gibbon wrote much of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire while living at number 7 from the early 1770s.
[edit] Geography
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Areas of Marylebone include:
- All Souls Church, Langham Place (designed by John Nash)
- Asia House, New Cavendish Street
- Baker Street (including the fictitious 221B Baker Street)
- Bryanston Square
- Broadcasting House (BBC headquarters)
- The Colomb Art Gallery
- Duke Street, Marylebone
- Holy Trinity Church Marylebone (designed by Sir John Soane)
- Langham Hotel, London (built in the 1860s)
- Marylebone High Street
- Madame Tussaud's
- Manchester Square (Georgian square)
- Montagu Square (Regency square)
- University of Westminster
- Royal Academy of Music
- Royal Institute of British Architects
- Harley Street
- Regent's Park (which houses the London Zoo)
- Selfridges Department Store
- Hyde Park
- Marybone Chapel (designed in 1722 by James Gibbs)
- Wallace Collection
- Wigmore Hall
- Marble Arch
- Wigmore Street
- West London Mission at 19 Thayer Street
- Wyndham Place
- Hinde Street Methodist Chapel
[edit] Landmarks
[edit] Former landmarks
- Egton House, studio of BBC Radio 1, demolished
- Queen's Hall, classical music concert venue destroyed by fire in World War II
- Marylebone Gardens a former pleasure ground and venue for concerts, closed in 1778
- St. George's Hall (London), a theatre built in 1867, demolished 1966.
- Yorkshire Stingo, a public house on Marylebone Road.
- St. Marylebone Grammar School, on the corner of Lisson Grove and Marylebone Road, now an office building.
[edit] Transport
[edit] Tube stations
- Baker Street
- Bond Street
- Edgware Road (Bakerloo Line)
- Edgware Road (Circle, District and Hammersmith & City Lines)
- Marble Arch
- Marylebone
- Oxford Circus
- Regent's Park
[edit] Railway stations
In Marylebone:
[edit] Education
- St Marylebone School (comprehensive specialist school in Performing Arts, Maths & Computing for girls founded in 1791)
- Sylvia Young Theatre School (fee paying performing arts school)
- St Vincent's RC Primary School (Catholic Voluntary Aided Mixed School)
- Francis Holland School (independent day school for girls)
- Portland Place School (independent secondary school)
- The Royal Academy of Music on Marylebone Road
- The University of Westminster on Marylebone Road and upper Regent Street
- Regent's College, whose campus is within the grounds of Regent's Park, which houses:European Business School London; British American College London; Regent's Business School; School of Psychotherapy and Counselling; Webster Graduate School; Internexus, a provider of English language courses.
[edit] Notable residents
- Adam Ant (born, Stuart Leslie Goddard)
- Benedict Arnold (at 62 Gloucester Place, Marylebone)
- Jane Asher
- Charles Babbage
- Derren Brown
- Elizabeth Barrett Browning (at 50 Wimpole Street)
- Tyler Brule
- Lord Byron (baptised in Marylebone Chapel)
- Sir William Coldstream
- Joe Cole lived in the Wilcove Estate, Lisson Grove as child
- Charles Dickens
- Jacqueline du Pré (27 Upper Montagu Street)
- Tamsin Egerton
- Sir Clement Freud
- Noel Gallagher
- Hughie Green
- Keeley Hawes
- Jimi Hendrix (at 43 Upper Berkeley Street, Marylebone)
- Sherlock Holmes (fictional at 221B Baker Street)
- John Lennon
- Madonna
- Paul McCartney
- Sienna Miller
- Jonathan Myles-Lea (Wyndham Place (2005- ))
- Yoko Ono
- Pitt the Elder
- Stuart Price
- Patrick Procktor
- Wendy Richard (Upper Montagu Street)
- Talulah Riley
- Guy Ritchie
- Stephen Spender
- Ringo Starr (at 34 Montagu Square, Marylebone)
- H. G. Wells
- Charles Wesley in Great Chesterfield Street, now Wheatley Street
- Barbara Windsor
- Dale Winton
- Norman Wisdom
[edit] References
- ^ Oxford Authors' & Printers' Dictionary, O.U.P, 1965
- ^ Smith, Thomas (1833). A Topographical and Historical Account of the Parish of St. Mary-le-Bone. London: John Smith. pp. 3. http://books.google.com/books?id=Xw4NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=%22st+mary+at+the+bourne%22&source=web&ots=To45uiuZI_&sig=gCI4P0v5VIYpOWFhHygnHoerIb8&hl=en#PPA3,M1.
[edit] External links
- Marylebone Village
- Map
- Description and history of St Marylebone from 1868 Gazetteer
- Description and history of St Marylebone from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica
- American Intercontinental University
- Wigmore Hall
- The St Marylebone Society, an amenities society formed in 1948 for people who live and work in North Marylebone(north of the Marylebone Road)
- The Marylebone Association, an amenities society representing residents, businesses and people who live and work in Marylebone in the area bounded by Oxford Street(south), Edgware Road(west), Marylebone Road (north) and Great Portland Street(east)
- St Marylebone Workhouse
- The W1W Street Tree Initiative in Marylebone
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