Naimans
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Naimans, also Naiman Turks[1][2] or Naiman Mongols[3], (Mongolian: naiman, "eight"[4], Kazakh: Найман) was a Mongolian name given to a group of people dwelling on the steppe of Central Asia, having diplomatic relations with the Kara-Khitai, and subservient to them until 1177. The Naimans are most often classified as a Turkic people from Sekiz Oghuz (means 'Eight Oghuz' in Turkic),[5][6][7][8] but there are also sources that count them as Mongols.[8] Like the Khitan and the Uyghurs, many of them were Nestorian Christians and Buddhists. When last Tayan Khan was killed after a battle with Genghis Khan in 1203, his son Kuchlug with his remaining Naiman troops fled to the Kara-Khitai. Kuchlug was well received there and the Khitan King gave him his daughter in marriage. Kuchlug soon began plotting against his new father-in-law, and after executing him and taking his place, he began to persecute Muslims in the Hami Oases. But his action was opposed by local people and he was later defeated by the Mongols under Jebe and the land of the Kara-Khitai empire incorporated into Mongol Empire.
Although, the Naiman Khanlig was crushed by the Mongols, they were seen in every parts of Mongol Empire. Ogedei's great khatun Töregene might be from this tribe. Hulegu had a Naiman general, Ketbuqa, who died in the battle of Ain Jalut in 1260.
More than 400,000 of the Kazakh population are Naimans (see Modern Kazakh tribes or Middle Juz). They originate from eastern Kazakhstan. Some Naimans dissimilated with the Kyrgyz and Uzbek ethnicities and are still found among them. There is a small population of Naimans in Afghanistan. They belong to the Hazara tribe and reside in a small village called Naiman. They are Sunni Muslims. The clan Naiman is rarely found in Northern Mongolia.
The following map shows the approximate location of the Naimans at about the year 1200, before the Mongol unification by Genghis Khan.
[edit] Religion
By the time they were conquered by Genghis Khan most of the Naimans were Christians. They remained so after the Mongol conquest and were among the second wave of Christians to enter China with Kublai Khan.[9] Meanwhile, the Naimans who settled in Western Khanates of Mongol Empire all eventually converted to Islam.
[edit] See also
Other pre-Genghis Mongolian tribes include
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[edit] References
- ^ Runciman, Steven (1987). A History of the Crusades. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5213-4770-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=mrw8AAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA240&dq=naiman+turks&hl=tr&sig=ErReB9eBmsY0JF5OvrnYWaN-pSI. Retrieved on 2008-03-16.
- ^ Gibbon, Edward (1920). The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Methuen Publishing. http://books.google.com/books?id=huMCAAAAMAAJ&q=%22naiman+turks%22&dq=%22naiman+turks%22&lr=&hl=tr&pgis=1. Retrieved on 2008-03-16.
- ^ Mongolia
- ^ Janhunen, Juha (2003). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7007-1133-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=GMmjLzJhA2EC&pg=PA268&dq=naiman+means+eight+mongolian&lr=&hl=tr&sig=DT8sHUc_sXlBws9cTK43KSzNp9Y. Retrieved on 2008-03-16.
- ^ Ratchnevsky, Paul. "Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy". 2000, pp.1-4.
- ^ Roemer, Hans Robert; Scharlipp, Wolfgang-Ekkehard (2000). History of the Turkic Peoples in the Pre-Islamic Period. Klaus Schwarz Verlag. ISBN 3879972834. http://books.google.com/books?id=86g2AAAAIAAJ&q=naimans+turkic&dq=naimans+turkic&hl=tr&pgis=1. Retrieved on 2008-03-16.
- ^ Halsey, William Darrach; Friedman, Emanuel (1984). Collier's Encyclopedia: With Bibliography and Index. P. F. Collier. http://books.google.com/books?id=rL4JAAAAIAAJ&q=naimans+turkic&dq=naimans+turkic&hl=tr&pgis=1. Retrieved on 2008-03-16.
- ^ a b Czaplicka, Marie Antoinette (2001). The Turks of Central Asia in History and at the Present Day. Adamant Media Corporation. ISBN 978-1402163326. http://books.google.com/books?id=SvsiRZIpUCQC&pg=RA1-PA72&dq=naiman+turks&hl=tr&sig=tTqSdiGC2wPXmgkpmVCJi_CLGUg. Retrieved on 2008-03-16.
- ^ Cary-Elwes, Columba. China and the Cross. (New York: P. J. Kenedy and Sons, 1956) p. 37
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