Pomacea canaliculata
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 Pomacea canaliculata
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Pomacea canaliculata, common name the channeled applesnail, is a species of freshwater snail with gills and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snails.
Pomacea canaliculata is considered to be in the top 100 of the "World's Worst Invasive Alien Species".[1]
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[edit] Shell description
The shells of these applesnails are globular in shape. Normal coloration typically includes bands of brown, black, and yellowish-tan; color patterns are extremely variable. Albino and gold color variations exist.[2]
The size of the shell is up to 150 mm in length.
[edit] Reproduction
Pomacea canaliculata is sexual mature at the size of 2.5 cm/1 inch. The reproductive rate of this snail varies with the temperature and partly by the availability of food. During fall and winter, the reproduction rate is at its lowest point, while with the raising temperatures in spring their reproduction rate increases. Eggs: The reddish (due to the high carotenoid content) eggs are loosely attached to each other. They are attached on object above the waterline and their size varies from 2.20 to 3.5 mm (0.5 to 0.9 inch) diameter. An average clutch contains 200 to 600 eggs. [3]
[edit] Distribution
P. canaliculata native distribution is basically tropical and subtropical[4], including Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Brazil.[5] The southernmost record for the species is Paso de las Piedras reservoir, south of the Buenos Aires province, Argentina.[6]
[edit] Nonindigenous distribution
The initial introductions in the United States were probably from aquarium release, aka "aquarium dumping". The nonindigenous distribution includes the United States: Spring Hill Lake near Mobile, Alabama[7]; a lake near Jacksonville, Florida[8]; Lake Mirimar, San Diego County, California; a pond near Yuma, Arizona; and numerous locations in Hawaii. Established populations exist in California and Hawaii.
[edit] Ecology
[edit] Habitat
This species lives in freshwater habitat.
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This section requires expansion. |
[edit] Feeding habits
P. canaliculata is extremely polyphagous, feeding on vegetal (primarily macrophytophagous, feeding on floating or submersed higher plants), detrital, and animal matter. Diet may vary with age, with younger smaller individuals feeding on algae and detritus, and older, bigger (15mm and above) individuals later shifting to higher plants.[9]
This species negatively impacts rice and taro agriculture worldwide where it has been introduced.
[edit] Life cycle
In temperate climates the egg-laying period of this species extends from early spring to early fall[10], while in tropical areas reproduction is continuous. The duration of the reproductive period of P. canaliculata decreases with latitude, to a minimum of six months in the southern limit of its natural distribution[6].
[edit] References
- ^ 100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species. Global Invasive Species Database http://www.issg.org/database, accessed 27 October 2008.
- ^ Howells, R. Personal communication. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. In: United States Geological Survey. 2008. Pomacea canaliculata. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. <http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=980> Revision Date: 2/4/2008
- ^ Pomacea(pomacea)canaliculata(Lamarck, 1819)http://www.applesnail.net/content/species/pomacea_canaliculata.htm
- ^ Ihering, H. (1919). Las especies de Ampullaria en la Argentina. I Reunión Nac Soc Arg Cs Nat (Actas): 329-350, Tucumán, Argentina.
- ^ Cowie R.H., Thiengo S.C. (2003): The apple snails of the Americas (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Asolene, Felipponea, Marisa, Pomacea, Pomella): a nomenclatural and type catalog. Malacologia, 45:41-100
- ^ a b Martín P. R., Estebenet A. L., Cazzaniga N. J. (2001). Factors affecting the distribution of Pomacea canaliculata (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) along its southernmost natural limit. Malacologia 43: 13-23.
- ^ D. Shelton, pers. comm. In: United States Geological Survey. 2008. Pomacea canaliculata. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. <http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=980> Revision Date: 2/4/2008
- ^ J. Bernatis, pers. comm. In: United States Geological Survey. 2008. Pomacea canaliculata. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. <http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=980> Revision Date: 2/4/2008
- ^ Estebenet, A. L. & Martín, P. R. (2002). Pomacea canaliculata (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae): Life-history Traits and their Plasticity. Biocell, 26(1): 83-89. ISSN 0327 - 9545
- ^ Bachmann, A. (1960). Apuntes para una hidrobiología argentina. II. Ampullaria insularum Orb. y A. canaliculata Lam. (Moll. Prosobr., Ampullaridae). Observaciones biológicas y ecológicas. I Congr Sudamer Zool (Actas): 19-26, La Plata, Argentina.
This article incorporates public domain text from:
- United States Geological Survey. 2008. Pomacea canaliculata. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. <http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=980> Revision Date: 2/4/2008
[edit] Further reading
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Pomacea canaliculata |
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Wikinews has related news: South American channeled apple snail discovered in Georgia |
- Robert H. Cowie & & IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG). (Last Modified: Wednesday, 13 April 2005) Global Invasive Species Database, 2008. Pomacea canaliculata. Available from: http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=135&fr=1&sts=sss, accessed 27 October 2008.
- Levin. 2006. Statewide strategic control plan for apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) in Hawaii
